OCCURRENCE AND BEHAVIOUR OF TRANSIENT KILLER WHALES: SEASONAL AND POD-SPECIFIC VARIABILITY, FORAGING BEHAVIOUR AND PREY HANDLING


Robin W. Baird and Lawrence M. Dill

Canadian Journal of Zoology 73:1300-1311. 1995.

We studied the occurrence and behaviour of so-called transient killer whales (Orcinus orca) around southern Vancouver Island from 1986 to 1993. Occurrence and behaviour varied seasonally and among pods; some pods foraged almost entirely in open water and were recorded in the study area throughout the year, while others spent much of their time foraging around pinniped haul-outs and other near-shore sites, and used the study area primarily during the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) weaning/post-weaning period. Overall use of the area was greatest during that period, and energy intake at that time was significantly greater than at other times of the year, likely due to the high encounter rates and ease of capture of harbour seal pups. Multi-pod groups of transients were frequently observed, as has been reported for "residents", but associations were biased towards those between pods which exhibited similar foraging tactics. Despite the occurrence of transients and residents within several kilometres of each other on nine occasions, mixed groups were never observed and transients appeared to avoid residents. Combined with previous studies on behavioural, ecological and morphological differences, such avoidance behaviour supports the supposition that these populations are reproductively isolated.

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